AI Summary

In Kampung Nipah, a coastal tourism hamlet in North Sumatra, illegal dumping and littering are tied to inadequate waste infrastructure and cultural practices that weaken collective responsibility. The study notes that municipal waste collection services do not reach the area, leaving residents, tourists, and river runoff to accumulate along the coast. Researchers argue that rural communities with limited public services may need locally governed waste systems rather than relying solely on municipal services. The absence of an institution responsible for managing waste across the wider village further exacerbates the problem.

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