AI Summary

MSI (Message Signaled Interrupts) mode lets a graphics card communicate with the CPU using a specialized interrupt method introduced in the PCIe 2.2 specification and added to Windows Vista. The feature can lower latency on older cards that use line‑based interrupts, but it does not increase average frame rates for those older GPUs. Modern drivers, such as those for the RTX 5090, enable MSI by default. Enabling MSI on hardware that the manufacturer disabled can make the device unresponsive until the setting is reverted.

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