AI Summary

Cryo‑electron microscopy and computational sorting of thousands of images revealed that eukaryotic RNA polymerase II transcription complexes adopt multiple distinct structural forms inside cells, rather than a single uniform shape. The study, led by researchers at Penn State, captured these varied configurations of the polymerase as it functions in living organisms, contrasting with previous observations made only in purified in‑vitro systems. The findings, reported in Nature Communications, demonstrate the inherent structural heterogeneity of this essential molecular machine during active transcription.

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