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Fossil plankton shells reveal reduced nitrogen fixation in warmer oceans 3 million years ago
Nitrogen is a key nutrient because it fuels the growth of plankton, which forms the basis of the marine food web. Two opposing processes determine the global nitrogen cycle: nitrogen fixation and denitrification.
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Nitrogen fuels plankton growth, which underpins the marine food web. The global nitrogen cycle balances two opposing processes: nitrogen fixation and denitrification. Nitrogen‑fixing cyanobacteria convert dissolved nitrogen gas (N₂) into a bioavailable form. This conversion mainly occurs in warm, nutrient‑poor surface waters.
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