AI Summary

Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP used X‑ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to examine the chemical states and interactions at the surfaces and interfaces of bio‑based carbon materials and organic‑inorganic hybrid materials. The study shows that only a few atomic layers at a material’s surface can strongly influence its ability to bind pollutants from water or its efficiency as a photocatalyst. By revealing these surface chemistry details, the work aims to guide the targeted development of functional materials for future industrial applications.

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