AI Summary

Genes and archaeological evidence are clarifying the routes by which Bantu‑speaking peoples expanded across much of Africa. Researchers are using genetic data to trace population movements that accompanied the spread of Bantu languages and cultures. The ancient city of Great Zimbabwe, the capital of a thriving southern‑African kingdom from roughly 1000 to 1700 AD, exemplifies the technological skill of these groups, as its inhabitants mastered iron extraction from ore.

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