AI Summary

Toxic metals from historical mining in England and Wales persist in the environment because they do not break down. They can remain in landscapes for centuries, diluting but not disappearing, and pose risks to wildlife, livestock, ecosystems, and people. Acute exposure to high concentrations can cause poisoning incidents. Chronic exposure to lower concentrations has been linked to more subtle health effects. The study highlights the long‑term health risks associated with these enduring metal contaminants.

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