Summary

Console graphics came from bespoke, fixed-function chips for more than two decades, until the original Xbox burst onto the scene in 2001 with a PC GPU inside. Those of us who played on early consoles like the NES will have come across some familiar quirks with those fixed-function chips: When too many Goombas lined up on the same row in Super Mario Bros. , for example, some of them would start to flicker.

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